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International women's Day History |
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International
Women's Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by women's groups
around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United
Nations and is designated in many countries as a national
holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national
boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and
political differences, come together to celebrate their Day,
they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine
decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and
development.
International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as
makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of
women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In
ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men
in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian
women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity"
marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage.
The idea of an International Women's Day first arose at the turn
of the century, which in the industrialized world was a period
of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and
radical ideologies. Following is a brief chronology of the most
important events:
1909
In accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of
America, the first National Woman's Day was observed across the
United States on 28 February. Women continued to celebrate it on
the last Sunday of that month through 1913.
1910
The Socialist International, meeting in Copenhagen, established
a Women's Day, international in character, to honour the
movement for women's rights and to assist in achieving universal
suffrage for women. The proposal was greeted with unanimous
approval by the conference of over 100 women from 17 countries,
which included the first three women elected to the Finnish
parliament. No fixed date was selected for the observance.
1911
As a result of the decision taken at Copenhagen the previous
year, International Women's Day was marked for the first time
(19 March) in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, where
more than one million women and men attended rallies. In
addition to the right to vote and to hold public office, they
demanded the right to work, to vocational training and to an end
to discrimination on the job.
Less than a week later, on 25 March, the tragic Triangle Fire in
New York City took the lives of more than 140 working girls,
most of them Italian and Jewish immigrants. This event had a
significant impact on labour legislation in the United States,
and the working conditions leading up to the disaster were
invoked during subsequent observances of International Women's
Day.
1913-1914
As part of the peace movement brewing on the eve of World War I,
Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on
the last Sunday in February 1913. Elsewhere in Europe, on or
around 8 March of the following year, women held rallies either
to protest the war or to express solidarity with their sisters.
1917
With 2 million Russian soldiers dead in the war, Russian women
again chose the last Sunday in February to strike for
"bread and peace". Political leaders opposed the
timing of the strike, but the women went on anyway. The rest is
history: Four days later the Czar was forced to abdicate and the
provisional Government granted women the right to vote. That
historic Sunday fell on 23 February on the Julian calendar then
in use in Russia, but on 8 March on the Gregorian calendar in
use elsewhere.
Since those early years, International Women's Day has assumed a
new global dimension for women in developed and developing
countries alike. The growing international women's movement,
which has been strengthened by four global United Nations
women's conferences, has helped make the commemoration a
rallying point for coordinated efforts to demand women's rights
and participation in the political and economic process.
Increasingly, International Women's Day is a time to reflect on
progress made, to call for change and to celebrate acts of
courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an
extraordinary role in the history of women's rights.
Source : United
Nations document |
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